Implementation of Solar Tracking System Using RTC

Implementation of Solar Tracking System Using RTCABSTRACTThe main objective of this project is to track the solar strength efficiently and using the same for the house hold applications like glowing Small Bulb, Mobile Phone Charging etc., Commercial made solar trackers to any solar panel array help in increasing the snip of the panels facing the sun and allow them to produce their maximum force play. Unfortunately they can be valuable to buy. We decided to make our own solar tracker to see if we could reduce the cost. We did not want to re- invent the wheel but wanted to make it more inexpensive. We started turn up small and came up with the idea of solar tracking using time instead of using a device that would sense where the sun is and moving the panel towards it. The objective of this project is to control the position of a solar panel in accordance with the motion of sun. Thus our objective is efficient utilization of the solar energy for development of nation and clean e nvironment.Key Words Solar Tracker, RTC, LDRI. INTRODUCTIONTo twenty-four hours, 70% of the population in Indian rural beas experience a dramatic situation where the electric turn in is very low and irregular, and in some cases, completely absent from 80,000 villages in the country. The country suffers from unequal energy distribution, with power cuts of 2 to 3hours in major cities, and in rural areas from 6 to 10 hours during the hot season (May to June). Up to 50% of households in India have no access to modern lighting and the electric grid did not reach remote places of the countryside, with some provinces lacking electricity in the 95% of the region.There are some solutions like solar electricity from solar panels. Although many assume that renewable energy is too expensive for the poor but if it is combined with affordable financing mechanisms, it can be fully implemented and makes this type of clean electricity (and many others like portable rechargeable lamps) a viable ex cerption for millions in India. Both renewable and non renewable resources are being used for production of electricity to meet the needs. But non renewable resources are under the spirit level of extinction so it is better to choose the renewable resources.II.EXISTING SYSTEMThe impartialst of all uses an LDR a Light Dependent Resistor to detect light color changes on the surface of the resistor. Other methods use two phototransistors covered with a small home to act as a shield to sunlight, as shown in Fig. 2. When morning arrives, the tracker is in state A from the previous day. The left phototransistor is turned on, causing a signal to turn the motor continuously until the shadow from the plate returns the tracker to state B. As the day slowly progresses, state C is reached shortly, turning on the right phototransistor. The motor turns until state B is reached again, and the cycle continues until the end of the day or until the minimum detectable light level is reached.Fig.1 Principle of operation of an LDRThe problem with a design like this is that phototransistors have a narrow jog of sensitivity, once they have been set up in a circuit under set bias conditions It was because of this fact that solar cells themselves were chosen to be the detecting devices. They provide an excellentmechanism in light intensity detectionmaking use of renewable energy (solar energy) to produce power. The same energy which is generated that used mobile phone charging, household applications such as glowing small bulb etc., The diagram shows the overview of our project, when the system is on current Time quantify gives the auto update of Time, date to microcontroller, this information is queered on LCD through microcontroller. According to the time provided by RTC stepper motor will rotates with particular fee to change the position of solar panel to absorb solar energy. The energy absorbed by solar panel will charge battery, From battery it is assumption to mobi le phone charging circuit which is further used to charge the mobile phone. At the same time the energy stored in the battery used by power circuitry for glowing small lamp etc.,FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMbecause they are sensitive to varying light and provide a near linear potency range that can be used to an advantage in determining the present declination or angle to the sun. As a result, a simple time operated solar tracking system using RTC based control system is proposed, with the tilt times of a panel position with respectto indwelling position of the Sun has beenRTC DS1307MICRO CONTROLLERAT89S52MECHANICAL ROTATING UNITDISPLAY UNITLCD 16X2POWER SUPPLYSOLAR PANEL onslaught CHARGING UNITBATTERY POWERCIRCUITARYimplemented as an algorithm to controller.III. PROPOSED SYSTEMNow a days power problem is becoming big issue in nightspot to minimize that we came up with this project. Here we areFig2 Block diagram of proposed solar tracking system.The main components used are microcontr oller (AT89S52), RTC (DS1307), ADC (MCP3201), Op-Amp (LM324N), 16X2LCD, Voltage controller (7805). The solar panel, Battery, DC motors are connected externally. The solar panel used in our project is made up of poly-crystalline cells. For these cells aiming is not critical as the cells are picking up the light from many different angles.IV. WORKINGThe power supply is tending(p) to the tracking system from external battery.7805 voltage regulator converts this incoming power supply into 5 volts in order to provide supply to other components in the system. The program to the AT89S52 micro controller is given through ISP pins. Based on RTC , the design of tilts of the panel will be set manually using four switches that are fed as an inputs to the74LS21 AND gate and its output as an interrupt to the controller. Real Time, Tilt time settings are displayed on LCD which is connected to Port 1 of the micro controller. In this project, we use 4 tilts for tracking purpose and fifth tilt for bringing the panel back to the initial position. The RTC continuously runs and sends a utmost output to the microcontroller at our prescribed tilt time. Then microcontroller sends a high output to the L293D driver which drives the DC motors connected to the panel. The panel rotation or tilt angles will be initially fixed in the program that is given to the microcontroller. The output of solar panel is connected to OpAmp which amplifies the signal and gives it to the ADC which is connected to the port 1 of the microcontroller. Voltage generated by the panel as per the individual tilt time isdisplayed on LCD. Display of LCD is shown in fig 6.Fig 3 LCD displaying the time and dateLCD is used as the display unit. It stands for silver Crystal Display. These components are specialized for being used with the microcontroller. LCD screen consists of two lines with 16 characters each. Each character consists of 5x7dot matrix. Here we use LCD to display real time provided by RTC.EXPERIMENTA L RESULTSFig 4 Prototype of Time operated solar tracking system using RTCFig 5 get wind equipment of solar tracking systemCONCLUSIONThe design of microcontroller based on efficient solar tracking system with real time clock is highly-developed and described. The proposed system provides a variable indication of their relative angle to the sun by comparing with pre defined measured readings. By using this method, the solar tracker was successfully maintained a solar array at a sufficiently perpendicular angle to the Sun. The power increase gained over a fixed plane array was in excess of 40%. The proposed design is achieved with low power consumption, high accuracy and low cost.ReferencesTable 1 Captured Panel voltage with proposedtracking system.S.NOTIMEPANELVOLTAGE(V)18.00 AM9.029.00 AM12.5310.00 AM13.0411.00 AM13.5512.00 PM14.061.00 PM14.572.00 PM12.583.00 PM11.494.00 PM9.3105.00 PM6.5116.00 PM1.5Table 2 Captured panel voltages without proposed tracking system